Classical light vs. nonclassical light: Characterizations and interesting applications

We briefly review the ideas that have shaped modern optics and have led to various applications of light ranging from spectroscopy to astrophysics, and street lights to quantum communication. The review is primarily focused on the modern applications of classical light and nonclassical light. Specific attention has been given to the applications of squeezed, antibunched, and entangled states of radiation field. Applications of Fock states (especially single photon states) in the field of quantum communication are also discussed.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures, a review on applications of ligh

Optics

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Lasers: Fundamentals and Applications

Lasers: Fundamentals and Applications, serves as a vital textbook to accompany undergraduate and graduate courses on lasers and their applications. Ever since their invention in 1960, lasers have assumed tremendous importance in the fields of science, engineering and technology because of their diverse uses in basic research and countless technological applications. This book provides a coherent presentation of the basic physics behind the way lasers work, and presents some of their most important applications in vivid detail. After reading this book, students will understand how to apply the concepts found within to practical, tangible situations. This textbook includes worked-out examples and exercises to enhance understanding, and the preface shows lecturers how to most beneficially match the textbook with their course curricula. The book includes several recent Nobel Lectures, which will further expose students to the emerging applications and excitement of working with lasers. Students who study lasers, laser applications, and optics and lasers will find this book to be an invaluable contribution to their understanding of the subject. Topics included and discussed in detail include: laser rate equations semiclassical theory of lasers optical resonators properties of laser beams fiber lasers semiconductor lasers applications of lsers to science and industry laser induced fusio

Wonders of the optical fiber

Telecommunication networks across the globe have been revolutionized with the deployment of optical fibers. Owing to the demand of present days internet services and access networks, fiber optic networks are expanding at a faster rate. The basic optical fiber material is high purity silica glass. Most of the technologies are now perfected and research is now directed towards new highly transparent materials for getting larger bandwidth. Recent development of photonic crystal fiber has shown tremendous benefit to medical sciences. Year 2015 has been proclaimed as the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies by The United Nations General Assembly in order to campaign for optics and photonics research around the globe. Part of this article has been published in the journal - Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society in December, 2014. Applications of guided medium, optical fiber and photonic crystal fiber will be described

Fundamentals of equations of state

The equation of state was originally developed for ideal gases, and proved central to the development of early molecular and atomic physics. Increasingly sophisticated equations of state have been developed to take into account molecular interactions, quantization, relativistic effects, etc. Extreme conditions of matter are encountered both in nature and in the laboratory, for example in the centres of stars, in relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei, in inertial confinement fusion (where a temperature of 10 9 K and a pressure exceeding a billion atmospheres can be achieved). A sound knowled